Gilmore's Review

From The Inferno

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Contents 1 Descartes 2 Leibniz 3 Locke 4 Hume 5 Kant 5.1 Critique of Pure Reason 5.2 Groundings on Metaphysics of Morals 6 Mill 7 Hegel 8 Kierkegaard 9 Nietszche 10 Parfit

[edit] Descartes

• mind-body dualism
  • I v. out there
• cogito
  • why have this argument?
  • what does it show?
• proof of existency of God
  • but, lack of God to prove God

[edit] Leibniz

• monads
  • figure otu why he is forced to argue for the existence of a monad
  • what is its purpose?
• harmonious relationships
• best of all possible worlds
• Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR)
• Predicate contained in the subject
• What it means for Leibniz

[edit] Locke

• Psychological Continuity
• Personal identity in general
• Freedom? determinsism : compatibalism (v. Kant)
  • Kant: Compatible because there is a distinction between the nounmena and phenomena world (Kagan says this does not work)
• relation of ideas
• Primary v. Secondary qualities
• No innate ideas, what is its role?
• role of sensation

[edit] Hume

• cause and effect: extrinsic relationship (we are not justified in claiming cause)
  • no necessary relation
  • how we know things
• skepticism --> Kant's reply? Does Kant succeed?
• habit
• style of writing

[edit] Kant

[edit] Critique of Pure Reason

• four types of knowledge: chart (synthetic a priori!)
• categories --> time and space
  • what is the relationship b/t categories and a priori/posteriori
• what is he doing?
• response to skepticism
• Transcendental deduction - I think they'll be a question on this
• Refutation ofIdealism

[edit] Groundings on Metaphysics of Morals

• people's means and ends
• categorical imperitive
• autonomy of the will
• prescriptive (kindda, not really) or descptive (Kant): how so
  • it's only prescriptive in that he says you should do this because this is how people obviously function
• what makes a reason?

[edit] Mill

• utilitarianism
• Mill v. Kant

[edit] Hegel

• History of Spirit is the history of...?
  • Self consciousness
  • self realization
  • one sees oneself in the world
• goes from particular --> universal
• plausible notion of human freedom leads to more freedom
  • ex: one person is free (the king) will --> many people free (particular --> universal)

[edit] Kierkegaard

• leap of faith
• individual and universal: opposite of Hegel
  • aesthetic (personal) --> ethical/rational (universal) --> relgious/faith (personal)
• stages: 3
• method of philosophy... style
• stories

[edit] Nietszche

• Story he tells, what is its point?
  • no one morality (not no morality at all)
• relativism
• anti-elitism
• geneology v. history: how are they different
  • style of his writing
• good v. evil: is there a difference?
• conscience
• relationship to Kant and Mill

[edit] Parfit

• person v. individual
• Parfit v. Locke
• psychological continuity (NOT concerned with personal identity)
  • all or none? Many continous to some degree?
• briefly talkabout style
• Buddha
• the scenarios